Canada’s recent decision to permit a Khalistan-linked protest near a temple—just days after moving to restrict extremist symbols—has triggered controversy and raised raised concerns over public safety, free expression and its diplomatic impact on India–Canada relations.Canada’s House of Commons has passed the Combatting Hate Act, a new law that criminalises the public display of symbols linked to designated terrorist groups when used to promote hatred or obstruct access to religious sites. Aimed in part at curbing Khalistani extremism, the bill also strengthens penalties for hate crimes and introduces protest-free zones around places of worship.Residents in parts of Canada– amid this–have reported disruptions over the Easter weekend as demonstrations linked to the Khalistan movement took place in residential neighborhoods.According to videos on X, some families attempting to spend a quiet holiday weekend were met with loud protests occurring near their homes. Witnesses described groups of demonstrators gathering outside, chanting and displaying signs related to political issues originating outside Canada.The protests, while peaceful, but loud, sparked frustration among some residents who questioned the relevance of the demonstrations to Canadian domestic life. Community members expressed concern about noise levels and the impact on what is typically a calm holiday period.Local authorities monitored the gatherings and emphasised that while freedom of expression is protected, public demonstrations must still comply with local regulations regarding noise, safety, and public order.New law targets extremist symbolsIn a significant move, Canada’s House of Commons passed the Combatting Hate Act (Bill C-9) with a 186–137 vote. The legislation seeks to criminalise the public display of symbols linked to designated terrorist organisations when used to promote hatred or obstruct access to religious places. It also introduces stricter penalties for hate crimes and proposes protest-free zones around places of worship. The bill will now move to the Senate for final approval.This marks a major step in addressing extremist messaging, with symbols associated with groups like Babbar Khalsa International and International Sikh Youth Federation potentially facing restrictions under the law.Support from community groupsSeveral Indo-Canadian, Hindu, and Jewish organisations have welcomed the legislation, calling it a necessary measure to curb the glorification of violence and ensure safety at religious sites. Supporters say it could prevent provocative displays, such as parade floats depicting the assassinations of figures like Indira Gandhi and Arun Vaidya.The bill has also been praised for distinguishing the sacred swastika from Nazi symbolism by introducing the term “Nazi Hakenkreuz,” helping avoid cultural misrepresentation.Concerns over free speechDespite support, critics—including opposition leaders and civil liberties groups—have raised concerns about potential overreach. They argue the law could affect freedom of expression. However, the government maintains that the provisions apply only when there is clear intent to promote hatred, and exemptions exist for private, artistic, or historical contexts. Justice Minister Sean Fraser reiterated that legitimate religious expression would remain protected.Diplomatic implicationsThe developments come amid already strained ties between India and Canada, particularly following the 2023 killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar. India has repeatedly expressed concern over alleged extremist activities operating from Canadian soil.Analysts suggest that if effectively implemented, the new law could address some of New Delhi’s concerns and improve bilateral trust. However, incidents like allowing controversial protests near religious sites continue to complicate the situation, highlighting the delicate balance Canada faces between protecting civil liberties and ensuring public safety.