With summer at its peak, the traditional nine-day period of intense heat known as ‘Nautapa’ is set to begin on May 25 and continue till June 2, triggering warnings for extreme heatwave conditions, loo and health risks across north India.The term ‘Nautapa’ — ‘Nau’ for nine and ‘tapa’ for intense heat — has its roots in Rajasthan’s folklore and culture.Media reports from Rajasthan say the term refers to the period when the sun transits through the Rohini Nakshatra, traditionally viewed as the hottest phase of the year. While the concept is strongly associated with Rajasthan, its effects are widely felt in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh and other parts of northwest India.The weather forecast, based on scientific analysis, also predicts a harsh period of intense heat.According to the weather forecast by the Indian Meteorological Department, over the next 15 days in Punjab, Haryana, New Delhi and NCR, severe hot and dry conditions with daytime temperatures hovering between 40 and 44 degrees will prevail. At isolated places there can be thunderstorms with scattered rain.Weather experts and media reports note that while IMD does not officially endorse the astrological ‘Nautapa’ label, the timing often aligns with the peak pre-monsoon heat patterns. The IMD has issued alerts indicating above-normal heatwave days in northwest and central India, with temperatures expected to climb to 42–46°C or higher in many areas during this time, accompanied by warm nights providing limited relief.What to expectIntense daytime heat, strong hot winds (loo), and minimal nighttime cooling are likely.Mohali, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Hisar, Sirsa, Jodhpur and Bikaner may face tough conditions.Tradition links stronger ‘Nautapa’ heat to a potentially better monsoon.Health and safety precautionsAvoid outdoor exposure between noon and 4 pm.Stay hydrated with water and electrolytes; avoid caffeine/alcohol.Wear loose, light-coloured cotton clothes and use protection from direct sun.IMD advisoryMonitor vulnerable groups — the elderly, children and outdoor workers.Farmers and labourers should shift heavy work to cooler hours.While western disturbances or pre-monsoon showers may bring temporary relief in some areas, authorities urge residents in Punjab and Haryana to treat this period with caution, similar to in Rajasthan’s heat-prone zones.